THE SYSTEMS OR SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Structuralism. Held by Wundt and Titchener. They contend that experience or mental states are made of sensations, images or ideas, and feelings, as well as analysis of these elements, their attributes and their combinations. In other words, all consciousness of facts and phenomena of experiences are based upon the operation of the nervous system, particularly the brain. Then follows an abstract analysis of structures that are operating.
2. Fuctionalism.assrets that the mental processes should be regarded as functions or operations of the organism in its adaptation to and modification of the environment.
Its approach is distinctly biological thereby forming the psychological basis of pragmatism and instrumentalism in philosophy. Led by Dewy and Carr, functionalists are interested in how an organism makes its adjustment to its environment, that Is, ether its changes or makes adaptation to it. for instance, A big River separates a barrio from town. To be able to go to the town, the barrio the folks have to learn how to swim or construct a bridge across the river.
3. Behaviorism.maintains that psychology can be scientific only if it deals with activities that can be measured objectively. Founded by Watson, behaviorism considers the Stimulus-Response hypothesis as its basic theory. This theory believes that a stimulus, physical r otherwise, creates a response. Behavior is considered the result of various responses to stimulation and should be controlled or directed by modifying either the stimulus or the response without regard to consciousness or the nervous system.
A particular stimulus requires a particular response and so education or straining is merely a matter of building up innumerable bonds or connection between stimuli and responses. The Thorndike laws of learning were formulated by the behaviorists and stressed the law of exercise as well as the importance of drill and drill and repetition as a mode of learning.
4. Gestalt Psychology. The central thesis of this system or school of psychology is that the conception of experience at any given moment is determined by the totality of its related phases which constitute an integrated pattern or configuration. According to this theory, the whole is more than the sum of all its parts, meaning that the whole possesses qualities attributes, or functions which the individual components do not possess. The prevailing emphasis on insight, generalization, and integration and their related principles is the result of Gestalt Psychology..
5. Other Psychological schools or Minor school of Psychology.
a.Hormic. It is a purposive psychology of MacDougall which emphasizes the function of urges or purposes in behavior.
b.Dynamic Psychology. Proponent is Woodworth. This regards the human individual asa dynamic striving organism instead of a passive one
c.Psychoanalys. Proponent is Freud and further developed by Andler and Jung which furnished explanations for mental and emotional maladjustments in terms of the inability of the individual to satisfy his own desires,and popularized the value of mental and emotional therapy as a cure for emotional cases.
1. Structuralism. Held by Wundt and Titchener. They contend that experience or mental states are made of sensations, images or ideas, and feelings, as well as analysis of these elements, their attributes and their combinations. In other words, all consciousness of facts and phenomena of experiences are based upon the operation of the nervous system, particularly the brain. Then follows an abstract analysis of structures that are operating.
2. Fuctionalism.assrets that the mental processes should be regarded as functions or operations of the organism in its adaptation to and modification of the environment.
Its approach is distinctly biological thereby forming the psychological basis of pragmatism and instrumentalism in philosophy. Led by Dewy and Carr, functionalists are interested in how an organism makes its adjustment to its environment, that Is, ether its changes or makes adaptation to it. for instance, A big River separates a barrio from town. To be able to go to the town, the barrio the folks have to learn how to swim or construct a bridge across the river.
3. Behaviorism.maintains that psychology can be scientific only if it deals with activities that can be measured objectively. Founded by Watson, behaviorism considers the Stimulus-Response hypothesis as its basic theory. This theory believes that a stimulus, physical r otherwise, creates a response. Behavior is considered the result of various responses to stimulation and should be controlled or directed by modifying either the stimulus or the response without regard to consciousness or the nervous system.
A particular stimulus requires a particular response and so education or straining is merely a matter of building up innumerable bonds or connection between stimuli and responses. The Thorndike laws of learning were formulated by the behaviorists and stressed the law of exercise as well as the importance of drill and drill and repetition as a mode of learning.
4. Gestalt Psychology. The central thesis of this system or school of psychology is that the conception of experience at any given moment is determined by the totality of its related phases which constitute an integrated pattern or configuration. According to this theory, the whole is more than the sum of all its parts, meaning that the whole possesses qualities attributes, or functions which the individual components do not possess. The prevailing emphasis on insight, generalization, and integration and their related principles is the result of Gestalt Psychology..
5. Other Psychological schools or Minor school of Psychology.
a.Hormic. It is a purposive psychology of MacDougall which emphasizes the function of urges or purposes in behavior.
b.Dynamic Psychology. Proponent is Woodworth. This regards the human individual asa dynamic striving organism instead of a passive one
c.Psychoanalys. Proponent is Freud and further developed by Andler and Jung which furnished explanations for mental and emotional maladjustments in terms of the inability of the individual to satisfy his own desires,and popularized the value of mental and emotional therapy as a cure for emotional cases.
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